Autocuidado domiciliar após cirurgias ginecológicas: elaboração e validação de material educativo / Autocuidado domiciliario después de cirugías ginecológicas: elaboración y validación de material educativo / Home self-care after gynecological surgeries: elaboration and validation of educational material

Resumo Objetivo Construir e validar material educativo com orientações para autocuidado domiciliar no pós-operatório de cirurgias ginecológicas. Métodos Estudo metodológico, com coleta efetuada em agosto de 2019, em hospital universitário, por meio da seleção de conteúdo, adaptação da linguagem, inclusão de ilustrações, construção de manual piloto, layout e validação do manual piloto por seis juízes especialistas e 11 mulheres em pós-operatório de cirurgias ginecológica. Utilizaram-se o formulário semiestruturado Suitability Assessment of Materials e o Instrumento de Validação de Conteúdo Educativo em Saúde, para o grupo de juízes, e o formulário semiestruturado e o Suitability Assessment of Materials, para o público-alvo. Análises foram efetuadas mediante estatística descritiva, cálculo do instrumento Suitability Assessment of Materials e do Coeficiente de Validade de Conteúdo do Instrumento de Validação de Conteúdo Educativo em Saúde, além da análise de conteúdo. Resultados A cartilha continha oito páginas com orientações sobre motilidade intestinal, manejo da dor, retorno às atividades da vida diária, mecânica corporal, alimentação, prevenção de tromboembolismo venoso, alívio de náusea/vômito, atividade sexual, cuidados com a ferida operatória, sintomatologia e uso de cinta elástica abdominal. Sua validação foi classificada pela maioria dos juízes e pelo público-alvo como "superior". As sugestões dos juízes foram analisadas e incorporadas à versão final, e o público-alvo considerou o material esclarecedor, acessível e necessário. A diagramação contribuiu com a avaliação superior da cartilha. Conclusão A cartilha educativa mostrou-se um instrumento válido e confiável para ser utilizado na promoção da saúde de mulheres quanto aos cuidados durante o período pós-operatório de cirurgias ginecológicas no ambiente domiciliar.

Resumen Objetivo Elaborar y validar material educativo con instrucciones para el autocuidado domiciliario en el posoperatorio de cirugías ginecológicas. Métodos Estudio metodológico, cuya recopilación se realizó en agosto de 2019 en un hospital universitario, mediante la selección de contenido, adaptación del lenguaje, inclusión de ilustraciones, elaboración de manual piloto, diseño y validación del manual piloto por seis jueces especialistas y 11 mujeres en posoperatorio de cirugías ginecológicas. Se utilizó el formulario semiestructurado Suitability Assessment of Materials y el Instrumento de Validación de Contenido Educativo en Salud para el grupo de jueces, y el formulario semiestructurado y el Suitability Assessment of Materials, para el público destinatario. Los análisis fueron realizados mediante estadística descriptiva, cálculo del instrumento Suitability Assessment of Materials y del Coeficiente de Validez de Contenido del instrumento de Validación de Contenido Educativo en Salud, además del análisis de contenido. Resultados La cartilla contenía ocho páginas con instrucciones sobre motilidad intestinal, manejo del dolor, retorno a las actividades cotidianas, mecánica corporal, alimentación, prevención de tromboembolismo venoso, alivio de náuseas/vómitos, actividad sexual, cuidados con la herida quirúrgica, sintomatología y uso de faja elástica abdominal. La validación fue clasificada como "superior" por la mayoría de los jueces y por el público destinatario. Las sugerencias de los jueces fueron analizadas e incorporadas en la versión final, y el público destinatario consideró que el material es esclarecedor, accesible y necesario. La maquetación contribuyó con la evaluación superior de la cartilla. Conclusión La cartilla educativa demostró ser un instrumento válido y confiable para utilizarse en la promoción de la salud de mujeres con relación a los cuidados durante el posoperatorio de cirugías ginecológicas en el ambiente domiciliario.

Abstract Objective To build and validate educational material with guidelines for home self-care in the postoperative period of gynecological surgeries. Methods This is a methodological study, collected in August 2019, at a university hospital, through content selection, language adaptation, inclusion of illustrations, building of a pilot manual, layout and validation of a pilot manual by six expert judges and 11 women in the postoperative period of gynecological surgeries. The semi-structured form Suitability Assessment of Materials and the Educational Content Validation Instrument in Health were used, for the group of judges, and the semi-structured form and the Suitability Assessment of Materials, for the target audience. Analyzes were performed using descriptive statistics, calculation of the Suitability Assessment of Materials instrument and the Content Validity Coefficient of the Educational Content Validation Instrument in Health, in addition to content analysis. Results The booklet contained eight pages with guidelines on intestinal motility, pain management, return to activities of daily living, body mechanics, food, prevention of venous thromboembolism, nausea/vomiting relief, sexual activity, surgical wound care, symptoms and use elastic waistband. Its validation was classified by most judges and by the target audience as "superior". Judges' suggestions were analyzed and incorporated into the final version, and the target audience considered the material to be enlightening, accessible and necessary. The layout contributed to superior assessment of the booklet. Conclusion The educational booklet proved to be a valid and reliable instrument to be used in promoting the health of women regarding care during the postoperative period of gynecological surgeries in the home environment.

Complicaciones en la cirugía ginecológica / Complications in gynecological surgery

Introducción: Los procedimientos quirúrgicos tienen riesgos y complicaciones, que determinan el pronóstico de los pacientes. La tasa de mortalidad de la cirugía ginecológica, es inferior al 1 por ciento, la de complicaciones varía de 0,2 a 26 por ciento. Ambas están determinadas por factores de riesgo como la edad, enfermedad médica preexistente, obesidad, cirugías previas, anemia y cáncer. Objetivo: Determinar las principales complicaciones, su asociación con el diagnóstico preoperatorio, el tipo de operación realizada y la comorbilidad en pacientes intervenidas por afecciones ginecológicas. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo en pacientes intervenidas quirúrgicamente por vía convencional y de forma electiva. Se seleccionó una serie de 616 pacientes tributarias de cirugía mayor electiva por vía convencional. Las variables utilizadas fueron la comorbilidad asociada, diagnóstico preoperatorio, operación realizada y complicaciones postquirúrgicas. Resultados: Se produjeron complicaciones postquirúrgicas en 96 pacientes (15,5 por ciento). Las de mayor frecuencia fueron el íleo paralítico (4,2 por ciento de la serie y 26,04 por ciento de las complicaciones) y el absceso de cúpula (2,75 por ciento de la serie y 17,7 por ciento de las complicaciones), fundamentalmente en quienes presentaron antecedentes de obesidad y asociación de factores de riesgo. Conclusiones: Las principales complicaciones de la cirugía ginecológica fueron el íleo paralítico y el absceso de la cúpula, las complicaciones se presentaron fundamentalmente en pacientes operadas por mioma uterino y tumor de ovario. De acuerdo con el tipo de operación, ocurrieron en pacientes operadas por histerectomía total abdominal con doble anexectomía y la histerectomía total abdominal sin anexectomía, y las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron la obesidad y la asociación de comorbilidad(AU)

Introduction: Surgical procedures have risks and complications, which determine the prognosis of patients. The mortality rate of gynecological surgery is less than 1 percent, that of complications varies from 0.2 to 26 percent. Both are determined by risk factors such as age, pre-existing medical illness, obesity, previous surgeries, anemia, and cancer. Objective: To determine the main complications, their association with the preoperative diagnosis, the type of operation performed and the comorbidity in patients operated on for gynecological conditions. Methods: Descriptive study in patients operated on by conventional and elective route. A series of 616 tributary patients of major elective surgery by conventional route were selected. The variables used were associated comorbidity, preoperative diagnosis, operation performed, and postoperative complications. Results: Post-surgical complications occurred in 96 patients (15.5 percent). The most frequent were paralytic ileus (4.2 percent of the series and 26.04 percent of complications) and dome abscess (2.75 percent of the series and 17.7 percent of complications), mainly in who presented a history of obesity and association of risk factors. Conclusions: The main complications of gynecological surgery were paralytic ileus and abscess of the cupola, complications mainly occurred in patients operated on for uterine myoma and ovarian tumor. According to the type of operation, they occurred in patients operated on for total abdominal hysterectomy with double adnexectomy and total abdominal hysterectomy without adnexectomy, and the most frequent comorbidities were obesity and the association of comorbidity(AU)

Complicaciones quirúrgicas intraoperatorias en laparoscopía ginecológica en el Hospital Padre Hurtado / Intraoperative surgical complications in gynecological laparoscopy at Padre Hurtado Hospital

INTRODUCCIÓN: Actualmente la cirugía laparoscópica es el gold standard de la mayoría de las cirugías ginecológicas benignas. Se estima una tasa de complicaciones en cirugía ginecológica por laparoscopía de 3.2 por 1000 pacientes, donde alrededor del 50% ocurren al momento de la primera entrada. Existen numerosas clasificaciones de las complicaciones quirúrgicas, entre ellas, la clasificación Clavien-Dindo se centra en el tratamiento postquirúrgico y tiene como objetivo unificar criterios y hacerlas comparables entre distintos centros. OBJETIVO: Describir las complicaciones en cirugía laparoscópica ginecológica en el Hospital Padre Hurtado, destacando el subgrupo de primera entrada y su clasificación Clavien-Dindo. METODOLOGÍA: Cohorte retrospectiva que incluyó a todas las pacientes operadas por laparoscopía en el pabellón de ginecología del Hospital Padre Hurtado desde el año 2014 al 2017. Se utilizó el software SPSS statistics v25, con prueba X2 para el análisis de las variables no paramétricas y t de Student para las variables paramétrica, considerando una significación estadística con p<0,05. RESULTADOS: De las 513 cirugías laparoscópicas ginecológicas realizadas en el período evaluado, sólo el 4,3% del total de las pacientes tuvieron complicaciones. De éstas, un 9% fueron de primera entrada, y en todos los casos fueron complicaciones menores o Clavien-Dindo I y II. Hubo 2 complicaciones Clavien-Dindo >III B, lo que correspondió a un 0,39%. CONCLUSIÓN: En nuestro grupo hubo una baja incidencia de complicaciones quirúrgicas y de primera entrada lo que es comparable con otras series publicadas.

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic surgery is currently the gold standard of most benign gynecological surgeries. A complication rate in gynecological laparoscopy is 3.2 per 1000 patients, where around 50% occur at the time of the first entry. There are numerous classifications of surgical complications, among them, Clavien-Dindo classification focuses on post-surgical treatment and aims to unify criteria and lets compare between different centers. OBJECTIVE: To describe the complications in gynecological laparoscopic surgery at the Padre Hurtado Hospital, highlighting the first entry subgroup and Clavien-Dindo classification. METHODOLOGY: Retrospective cohort that included all gynecological laparoscopy patients in Padre Hurtado Hospital from 2014 to 2017. The SPSS statistics v25 software was used, with X2 test for the analysis of non-parametric variables and t Student for the parametric variables, considering a statistical significance with p <0.05. RESULTS: 513 gynecological laparoscopic surgeries was performed in the evaluated period, only 4.3% of the total patients had complications. Of these, 9% were first entry, and in all cases were minor complications or Clavien-Dindo I and II. There were 2 patients with Clavien-Dindo complications > III B, which corresponded to 0.39%. CONCLUSION: In our group there was a low incidence of surgical complications and first entry which is comparable with other published series.

Histeroscopía quirúrgica: experiencia, resultados y complicaciones según clasificación Clavien-Dindo / Surgical hysteroscopy: experience, results and complications according to Clavien-Dindo classification

OBJETIVO: Describir y analizar la experiencia clínica, resultados y complicaciones según Clavien-Dindo de las histeroscopías quirúrgicas realizadas en pabellón. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de las histeroscopías quirúrgicas realizadas entre el 1 de enero de 2012 y 1 de enero de 2018 en el Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile. RESULTADOS: Hubo 613 histeroscopías quirúrgicas en el período analizado, de las cuales 593 cumplieron con los requisitos para incluirse en este estudio. Las indicaciones para realizar el procedimiento fueron: pólipo endometrial (56,3%), miomas uterinos (22,1%), sangrado uterino anormal (4,3%) y otras (17,7%). Hubo un 89,2% de concordancia entre el diagnóstico intraoperatorio y el estudio histopatológico. Se pesquisaron 11 hiperplasias endometriales sin atipías, 3 con atipías y 10 neoplasias malignas. Cabe destacar que, del total de pólipos resecados, hubo 8 casos (2,5%) con potencial malignidad (atipías o neoplasia maligna). Según la clasificación Clavien Dindo, hubo 22 complicaciones intraoperatorias (3,7%) grado I o II, cuyo diagnóstico fue realizado en el acto quirúrgico. No hubo complicaciones grado III o más (severas, con reintervención). CONCLUSIÓN: La tasa de éxito, correlación histeroscópica - anatomopatológica final y complicaciones fue similar a lo publicado en la literatura disponible. El diagnóstico intraoperatorio de la lesión y su reparación en el mismo acto quirúrgico, disminuye el riesgo de morbimortalidad de las pacientes, haciéndolo similar al de una paciente sin complicación. Utilizar la clasificación Clavien Dindo para evaluar las complicaciones nos permitirá en adelante, objetivar, mejorar aspectos del procedimiento quirúrgico y plantear estrategias de prevención y manejo de dichos eventos adversos.

OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyze the clinical experience, results and complications according to Clavien-Dindo of surgical hysteroscopies performed in the ward. METHODS: Retrospective descriptive study of surgical hysteroscopies performed between January 1, 2012 and January 1, 2018 at the Hospital Clinico of the University of Chile. RESULTS: There were 613 surgical hysteroscopies in the analyzed period of which 593 fulfilled the requirements to be included in this study. The indications to perform the procedure were: endometrial polyp (56.3%), uterine fibroids (22.1%), abnormal uterine bleeding (4.3%) and others (17.7%). There was an 89.2% agreement between the intraoperative diagnosis and the histopathological study. Eleven endometrial hyperplasias without atypia, 3 with atypia and 10 malignant neoplasms were investigated. It should be noted that, of the total of resected polyps, there were 8 cases (2.5%) with potential malignancy (atypia or malignant neoplasm). According to the Clavien Dindo classification, there were 22 intraoperative complications (3.7%) grade I or II, the diagnosis of which was made during surgery. There were no grade III or more complications (severe, with reoperation). CONCLUSION: The success rate, final hysteroscopic-pathological correlation and complications was similar to that published in the available literature. The intraoperative diagnosis of the lesion and its repair in the same surgical act, reduces the risk of morbidity and mortality of the patients, making it similar to that of a patient without complication. Using the Clavien Dindo classification to assess complications will henceforth allow us to objectify, improve aspects of the surgical procedure and propose strategies for the prevention and management of such adverse events.

The role of laparoscopy in the propaedeutics of gynecological diagnosis

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate agreement between pre- and post-laparoscopy gynecological diagnosis in order to demonstrate the rationality of this minimally invasive technique use in gynecological propaedeutics. Methods: Retrospective chart review study conducted between March 2010 and October 2016 based on a convenience sample. 315 patients undergoing surgical laparoscopy at the Center of Gynecologic Endoscopy and Family Planning of Botucatu Medical School/UNESP. Pre- and postoperative diagnoses were compared by the diagnosis agreement test considering the proportions of events. Results: Laparoscopy contributed to diagnosis in 59.6% of infertility cases (P>0.05), in 93.7% of chronic pelvic pain of undetermined origin (P<0.01) and conclusively elucidated the diagnosis of acute abdomen and the ruling out of tubo-ovarian abcess (P<0.05). Laparoscopy also increased the diagnosis of pelvic-abdominal adhesions in 76.7% (P>0.05). Conclusion: The use of laparoscopy considerably contributed to diagnostic elucidation, especially in cases of undetermined chronic pelvic pain.

How does the patient react after reading the informed consent form of a gynecological surgery? A qualitative study / Como o paciente reage depois de ler o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido de uma cirurgia ginecológica? Um estudo qualitativo

Abstract Objective To analyze the reaction of women after reading the Informed Consent Form (ICF) before undergoing elective gynecological/urogynecological surgeries. Methods A qualitative study with 53 women was conducted between September 2014 and May 2015. The analysis of the content was conducted after a scripted interview was made in a reserved room and transcribed verbatim.We read the ICF once more in front of the patient, and then she was interviewed according to a script of questions about emotions and reactions that occurred about the procedure and her expectations about the intra- and postoperative period. Results The women had a mean age of 52 years, they were multiparous, and most had only a few years of schooling (54.7%). The majority (60.4%) of them had undergone urogynecological surgeries. Hysterectomy and colpoperineoplasty were themost frequent procedures. Ten women had not undergone any previous abdominal surgery. Fear (34.6%) was the feeling that emerged most frequently from the interviews after reading the ICF, followed by indifference (30.8%) and resignation (13.5%). Nine women considered their reaction unexpected after reading the ICF. Three patients did not consider the information contained in the ICF to be sufficient, and 3 had questions about the surgery after reading the document. Conclusion Reading the ICF generates fear in most women; however, they believe this feeling did not interfere in their decision-making process.

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a reação das mulheres após lerem o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE) antes de se submeterem a cirurgias ginecológicas/uroginecológicas eletivas. Métodos Um estudo qualitativo com 53 mulheres foi realizado entre setembro de 2014 e maio de 2015. A análise do conteúdo foi feita depois de uma entrevista que seguia um roteiro, que foi realizada em uma sala reservada e transcrita de forma fidedigna. Nós lemos de novo oTCLE na frente da paciente, e depois ela era entrevistada de acordo comumroteiro de questões sobre emoções e reações que ocorreram sobre o procedimento e suas expectativas sobre o período intra e pós-operatório. Resultados As mulheres tinham uma média de 52 anos, eram multíparas, e com poucos anos de educação (54,7%). A maioria (60,4%) já havia realizado cirurgias uroginecológicas. A histerectomia e a colpoperineoplastia foram as cirurgias mais frequentes. Dez mulheres não tinham sido submetidas a nenhum procedimento. O medo (34,6%) foi o sentimento que mais emergiu das entrevistas depois da leitura do TCLE, seguido da indiferença (30,8%) e da resignação (13,5%). Nove mulheres consideraram suas reações inesperadas depois da leitura do TCLE. Três pacientes não consideraram a informação do TCLE suficiente, e outras 3 tiveram dúvidas sobre a cirurgia depois de lerem o documento. Conclusão A leitura do TCLE desperta o medo namaioria dasmulheres; contudo, elas acreditam que este sentimento não interferiu na tomada de decisão relativa ao tratamento.

O papel da videolaparoscopia nas emergências ginecológicas e obstétricas / The role of videolaparoscopy in gynecological and obstetric emergencies

Introdução: A videolaparoscopia (VLP) tem sido cada vez mais empregada na prática clínica uma vez que auxilia, tanto no diagnóstico, quanto no manejo de diversas condições ginecológicas. Essa revisão tem como objetivo esclarecer a importância da VLP nas principais emergências ginecológicas. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura no mês de maio de 2018 nos bancos de dados Pubmed, Medline e Portal Periódico Capes. Foram incluídos no estudo os artigos que abordavam o uso de VLP no manejo de emergências e foram excluídos os relatos de caso. Resultados: A VLP é importante na medida em que permite a visualização direta das condições que constituem emergências ginecológicas, contribuindo dessa forma para o seu diagnóstico definitivo e precoce. A abordagem VLP frequentemente está relacionada a uma menor morbidade nesses casos. Na torção ovariana a VLP é útil tanto para identificar a viabilidade do ovário acometido quanto para desfazer a torção. No abscesso tubo ovariano, entretanto, estudos indicam que não há superioridade da técnica laparoscópica em relação à laparotomia no manejo cirúrgico desses pacientes. Na rotura de cisto ovariano, a VLP é o método preferencial nas patologias benignas, enquanto a laparotomia é o método de escolha na suspeita de lesões malignas. Na gestação ectópica, a VLP pode ser empregada nos casos de instabilidade hemodinâmica, gravidez tubária rota e quando há ascensão dos títulos de ß-hCG nas dosagens séricas associada à massa de 5 cm. Conclusão: A combinação entre o conhecimento adequado das patologias ginecológicas, a correta indicação do método VLP e a habilidade do cirurgião são fatores determinantes no sucesso terapêutico desse método.

Introduction: Video-laparoscopy (VLP) has been increasingly used in clinical practice since it assists in the diagnosis and management of various gynecological conditions. This review aims to clarify the importance of VLP in major gynecological emergencies. Methods: A literature review was performed in the month of May, 2018 in Pubmed, Medline and Capes Periodical Portal databases. The articles that addressed the use of VLP in emergency management were included in the study and the case reports were excluded. Results: VLP is important because it allows direct visualization of conditions that constitute gynecological emergencies, thus contributing to its definitive and early diagnosis. The VLP approach is often related to lower morbidity in these cases. In ovarian torsion the VLP is useful both to identify the viability of the affected ovary and to undo the torsion. In the ovarian tube abscess, however, studies indicate that there is no superiority of the laparoscopic technique in relation to laparotomy in the surgical management of these patients. In ruptured ovarian cyst, VLP is the preferred method in benign pathologies, while laparotomy is the method of choice in the suspicion of malignant lesions. In ectopic pregnancy, VLP may be used in cases of hemodynamic instability, tubal rupture, and when there is a rise in ß-hCG serum levelst associated with a 5 cm mass. Conclusion: The combination of adequate knowledge of the gynecological pathologies, the correct indication of VLP and the surgeon's ability are determining factors in the therapeutic success of this method. Keywords: videolaparoscopy,

Effect of preheating on the maintenance of body temperature in surgical patients: a randomized clinical trial / Efeito do pré-aquecimento na manutenção da temperatura corporal do paciente cirúrgico: ensaio clínico randomizado / Efecto del pre-calentamiento en el mantenimiento de la temperatura corporal del paciente quirúrgico: ensayo clínico aleatorizado

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the effect of preheating on the maintenance of body temperature of patients submitted to elective gynecological surgeries. Method: eighty-six patients were randomized, without blinding, to receive usual care (heating with a cotton sheet and blanket) or preheating with a forced air system for 20 minutes (38°C). All patients were actively heated during the intraoperative period. Data were collected from admission of the patient in the surgical center until the end of the surgery. Body temperature was measured during the preoperative and intraoperative periods with an infrared tympanic thermometer. A thermo-hygrometer was used to monitor air temperature and humidity of the operating room. Results: data indicated homogeneity between the groups investigated. There was no statistically significant difference between groups after preheating (p = 0.27). At the end of the surgery, the mean temperature of the groups studied was the same (36.8°C), with a statistically non-significant difference (p = 0.66). Conclusion: preheating with the heated forced air system had a similar effect to the usual care in the body temperature of patients submitted to elective gynecological surgeries. ClinicalTrials.gov n. NCT02422758. CAAE, n. 38320814.2.0000.5393.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o efeito do pré-aquecimento na manutenção da temperatura corporal de pacientes submetidas a cirurgias ginecológicas eletivas. Método: foram randomizadas 86 pacientes, sem cegamento, para receber cuidado usual (aquecimento com lençol de algodão e cobertor) ou pré-aquecimento com o uso do sistema de ar forçado aquecido, durante 20 minutos (38°C). Todas as pacientes foram aquecidas de forma ativa durante o período intraoperatório. Os dados foram coletados da admissão da paciente no centro cirúrgico até o final da cirurgia. A temperatura corporal foi mensurada durante os períodos pré e intraoperatório com termômetro timpânico infravermelho. Para a temperatura e umidade do ar da sala cirúrgica, utilizou-se o termo-higrômetro. Resultados: os dados indicaram homogeneidade entre os grupos investigados. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos após o pré-aquecimento (p=0,27). Ao final da cirurgia, a temperatura média dos grupos estudados foi igual (36,8°C), com diferença estatisticamente não significante (p=0,66). Conclusão: o pré-aquecimento com o sistema de ar forçado aquecido teve efeito semelhante ao cuidado usual na temperatura corporal de pacientes submetidas a cirurgias ginecológicas eletivas. ClinicalTrials.gov n. NCT02422758. CAAE, n. 38320814.2.0000.5393.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar el efecto del pre-calentamiento en el mantenimiento de la temperatura corporal de pacientes sometidas a cirugías ginecológicas electivas. Método: 86 pacientes fueron aleatorizados, sin ceguera, para recibir cuidado usual (calentamiento con sábanas de algodón y manta) o pre-calentamiento con el uso del sistema de aire forzado calentado, durante 20 minutos (38°C). Todas las pacientes fueron calentadas de forma activa durante el período intra-operatorio. Los datos fueron recogidos de la admisión de la paciente en el centro quirúrgico hasta el final de la cirugía. La temperatura corporal fue medida durante los períodos pre e intra-operatorio con un termómetro timpánico infrarrojo. Para la temperatura y humedad del aire de la sala quirúrgica, se utilizó el termo-higrómetro. Resultados: los datos indicaron homogeneidad entre los grupos investigados. No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significante entre los grupos después del pre-calentamiento (p=0,27). Al final de la cirugía, la temperatura media de los grupos estudiados fue igual (36,8°C), con diferencia estadísticamente no significante (p=0,66). Conclusión: el pre-calentamiento con el sistema de aire forzado calentado tuvo efecto semejante al cuidado usual en la temperatura corporal de pacientes sometidas a cirugías ginecológicas electivas. ClinicalTrials.gov n. NCT02422758. CAAE, n. 38320814.2.0000.5393.

Prevalencia de complicaciones y factores predisponentes en cirugía ginecológica por patología benigna en el hospital universitario San Ignacio: Bogotá, Colombia / Prevalence of complications and predisposing factors in gynecological surgery due to benign pathology at the San Ignacio university hospital: Bogotá, Colombia

ANTECEDENTES: Los procedimientos quirúrgicos implican complicaciones de todo tipo, su pronto diagnóstico y manejo depende del pronóstico del paciente. OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de las complicaciones en cirugía ginecológica por patología benigna en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio y los factores de riesgo predisponentes. MÉTODOS: Estudio de corte transversal en 200 pacientes, entre 18 a 74 años, en las que se realizó procedimientos de cirugía ginecológica de patología benigna, tanto de abordaje abierto como laparoscópico desde enero a julio de 2013. Se hicieron regresiones logísticas binomiales de complicaciones intraoperatorias y postoperatorias con las variables independientes, posteriormente se aplicó un modelo multivariado para establecer los factores asociados. RESULTADOS: El procedimiento más realizado fue la histerectomía abdominal total en un 46% y la vía de abordaje más utilizada fue la abdominal en el 65% de los casos. Se encontró una prevalencia de complicaciones del 12,5% siendo mayores el 7,5% y menores el 6%. Hubo un 1% de lesión vesical, 1% lesión intestinal y 4% de requerimiento de transfusión sanguínea. En cuanto a los resultados del modelo multivariado, se identificaron como variables relacionadas, la diabetes mellitus, la anticoagulación crónica, la miomatosis uterina, el síndrome adherencial severo y los procedimientos de urgencia. CONCLUSIONES: El porcentaje de complicaciones en nuestra institución es similar a otros estudios y se determinaron factores relacionados a su aparición. Es pertinente continuar la investigación sobre este tema y su divulgación, así como diseñar estrategias de prevención.

BACKGROUND: Surgical procedures involve risks and complications, a prompt diagnosis and appropriate managementcould modify patient's prognosis. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of complications in gynecological surgery at Hospital San Ignacio and the associated factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 200 patients aged between 18-74 years who required gynecological surgery (open or laparoscopic approach) in Hospital San Ignacio from January to December 2013. A binomial logistic regression was performed to evaluate intraoperative and postoperative complications with the independent variables and a multivariate model was used to establish the related factors. RESULTS: The most frequent procedure was abdominal hysterectomy (46%), the most common approach was abdominal in 65% of cases. Prevalence of surgical complications was 12.5%, 7.5% remained serious and 6% non-serious. Of the surgical complications that resulted, we found 1% had bladder injuries, 1% had bowel injuries, 4% required blood transfusions. The multivariate model showed a relationship with diabetes mellitus, anticoagulation, uterine fibroids, severe adherence syndrome and emergency surgical procedures. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of complications in our institution is similar to other studies. Factors related to its occurrence were identified, however it's necessary to conduct further studies and research in order to develop prevention strategies.

Abordaje vaginoscópica para la realización de histeroscopía oficinal: experiencia, resultados y revisión de la literatura / Vaginoscopic approach to perform officinal hysteroscopy: experience, results and literature review

OBJETIVO: Presentar nuestra experiencia y una revisión de la literatura sobre la utilización de la vaginohisteroscopia oficinal. Describir las principales indicaciones, su tolerancia, los procedimientos realizados y las complicaciones resultantes. MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo de todos los procedimientos vaginohisteroscópicos ambulatorios realizados en la Unidad de Medicina Reproductiva e Infertilidad del Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, entre el 1° de enero de 2008 y el 31 de enero de 2014. RESULTADOS: Se realizaron un total de 632 vaginohisteroscopias: 63,7% diagnósticas y 36,2% quirúrgicas. El tiempo promedio de realización fue de 13 ± 8 minutos. La percepción de dolor presentó una mediana de EVA 4 con intercuartiles de 3 y 6. La principal indicación fue por sospecha de pólipos endometriales (33%) y engrosamiento endometrial en un 12%. El hallazgo histeroscópico más frecuente fue cavidad endometrial normal (27%) y pólipos endometriales (27%). Los procedimientos más frecuentes fueron polipectomías (27%) y biopsias endometriales (20%). Se registraron 17 complicaciones (2,6%): 14 reacciones vasovagales (2,2%) y 3 lipotimias (0,4%). CONCLUSIONES: El abordaje vaginohisteroscópico ha demostrado ser una técnica segura, resolutiva, bien tolerada por las pacientes y de menor costo.

OBJECTIVE: To present our experience and a review of the literature of the vaginohysteroscopic technique. To describe the main indications, the tolerance, the procedures performed and their complications. METHOD: This is a descriptive study of all outpatient procedures performed with the vaginohysteroscopic technique in the Reproductive Medicine and Infertility Unit of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at University Hospital of Chile between 1st January of 2008 and 31st January of 2014. RESULTS: A total of 632 vaginohysteroscopys were performed: 63.7% diagnostic and 36.2% surgical. The average procedure time was 13 ± 8 minutes. Pain showed a median of VAS of 4. The main indication was suspected endometrial polyps (33%) and endometrial thickening (12%). The most frequent finding was normal endometrial cavity (27%) and endometrial polyps (27%). The most common procedures were polypectomy (27%) and endometrial biopsies (20%). We registered 17 complications (2.6%): 14 vasovagal reactions (2.2%) and 3 lipothymias (0.4%). CONCLUSIONS: vaginohisteroscopy approach has proven to be a safe and very resolutive technique, well tolerated by patients and considerably cost-effective.

Nuevo abordaje sagital anterior en cáliz, sin abrir el recto, reporte inicial / New anterior sagittal approach in "Calix", without opening the rectum, initial report

El abordaje sagital transrectal anterior (ASTRA) resulta de amplia utilidad para el enfrentamiento de patología urológica pediátrica. Actualmente es el gold-standar en el manejo del seno urogenital alto, malformaciones vaginales, trauma uretral complejo y tumores. Presentamos una modificación menos invasiva a este abordaje, comentando sus ventajas. En posición decúbito prono, con preparación intestinal; se realiza una incisión en “cáliz”; esta consiste en una sección vertical en línea media perianal desde horquilla vulvar a recto en mujeres, y desde base de escroto a recto en hombres, y otra incisión transversa, cóncava, en el tejido de transición entre mucosa rectal y piel, aproximadamente a dos centímetros del punto medio del ano. Caso 1: Niña de 13 años, consulta por dolor pélvico, diagnosticándose duplicación uterina y vaginal, con atresia de tercio distal de una hemivagina. Se realiza abordaje sagital anterior en cáliz, resecando tabique intervaginal y realizando plastia vaginal. Post operatorio sin complicaciones y vaginoscopía de control normal.. Continencia rectal normal. Caso 2: Niño de 12 años, portador de RMS de próstata tratado con braquiterapia + QMT el año 2009. En diciembre de 2011 presenta recidiva perianal diagnosticada por biopsia quirúrgica (incisión perineal media); en el 5º ciclo de QMT se explora por abordaje sagital anterior con incisión en cáliz, resecando tejido sospechoso, sin evidencias de enfermedad. Buena evolución postoperatoria, actualmente completando ciclos de QMT. Continencia rectal normal. El abordaje sagital anterior (ASTRA), ampliamente utilizado en urología pediátrica, tiene la desventaja de incidir el recto, con el riesgo de lesión de esfínteres e infecciones postoperatorias. Al realizar la incisión sagital anterior en cáliz, conservamos la amplitud y visión de campo clínico que con ASTRA, disminuyendo riesgos postoperatorios, permitiendo realimentación y alta precoz debido a su menor sintomatologia...

The anterior sagittal transrectal approach (ASTRA) is broadly useful for coping with pediatric urologic pathology. It is currently the gold standard in the management of high urogenital sinus, vaginal malformations, complex urethral trauma and tumors. We present a less invasive modification to this approach, discussing its advantages.In the prone position, with bowel preparation, an incision is made in “calix”, meaning a vertical section at the perineal midline from vulva to rectum in women, and from scrotal base to rectum in men, and another transverse, concave incision at the transition tissue between rectal mucosa and skin, approximately two centimeters from the anal midpoint. Case 1: A 13-year-old girl, with pelvic pain, due to uterine and vaginal duplication and atresia of the distal third of a hemivagina. Anterior sagittal approach in calyx is performed, resecting intervaginal Septum and performing vaginal plasty. Uncomplicated postoperative course, normal control Vaginoscopy. Normal rectal continence. Case 2: A 12-year-old boy, with RMS treated with prostate brachytherapy + chemotherapy in 2009. In December 2011 he presents with perianal recurrence diagnosed by surgical biopsy (median perineal incision) in the 5th chemotherapy cycle he is explored through an anterior sagital approach in “calix”, resecting suspicious tissue with no evidence of disease. Good postoperative course, currently completing cycles of chemotherapy. Normal rectal continence. The anterior sagital approach (ASTRA), widely used in pediatric urology, has the disadvantage of affecting the rectum, with the risk of sphincter injury and postoperative infections. When performing the anterior sagital incision “in calyx” we retain the amplitude of vision of the clinical field as with ASTRA, but reducing postoperative risks, allowing early feeding and early discharge due to the les symptoms...

Combination Effects of Capsicum Plaster at the Korean Hand Acupuncture Points K-D2 with Prophylactic Antiemetic on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting after Gynecologic Laparoscopy

PURPOSE: This study was done to evaluate the combination effects of capsicum plaster at the Korean hand acupuncture points K-D2 with prophylactic antiemetic on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV). METHODS: An experimental research design (a randomized, a double-blinded, and a placebo-control procedure) was used. The participants were female patients undergoing gynecologic laparoscopy; the control group (n=34) received intravenous prophylactic ramosetron 0.3mg, while the experimental group (n=34) had Korean Hand Therapy additionally. In the experimental group, capsicum plaster was applied at K-D2 of both 2nd and 4th fingers by means of Korean Hand Therapy for a period of 30 minutes before the induction of anesthesia and removed 8 hours after the laparoscopy. RESULTS: The occurrence of nausea, nausea intensity and need for rescue with antiemetic in the experimental group was significantly less than in the control group 2 hours after surgery. CONCLUSION: Results of the study show capsicum plaster at K-D2 is an effective method for reducing PONV in spite of the low occurrence of PONV because of the prophylactic antiemetic medication.

Hyperventilation accelerates the rise of arterial blood concentrations of desflurane in gynecologic patients

OBJECTIVES: Under a constant inspired concentration, the uptake of a volatile anesthetic into the arterial blood should mainly be governed by alveolar ventilation, according to the assumption that the patient's cardiac output remains stable during anesthesia. We investigated whether ventilation volume affects the rate of desflurane uptake by examining arterial blood concentrations. METHOD: Thirty female patients were randomly allocated into the following three groups: hyperventilation, normal ventilation and hypoventilation. Hemodynamic variables were measured using a Finometer, inspiratory and end-tidal concentrations of desflurane were measured by infrared analysis, and the desflurane concentration in the arterial blood (Ades) was analyzed by gas chromatography. RESULTS: During the first 10 minutes after the administration of desflurane, the Ades was highest in the hyperventilation group, and this value was significantly different from those obtained for the normal and hypoventilation groups. In addition, hyperventilation significantly increased the slope of Ades-over-time during the first 5 minutes compared with patients experiencing normal ventilation and hypoventilation, but there were no differences in these slopes during the periods from 5-10, 10-20 and 20-40 minutes after the administration of desflurane. This finding indicates that there were no differences in desflurane uptake between the three groups after the first 5 minutes within desflurane administration. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperventilation accelerated the rate of the rise in Ades following desflurane administration, which was time-dependent with respect to different alveolar ventilations levels.

Colostomía previa a escisión quirúrgica de un tumor de Buschke-Lõwenteim en la infancia / Temporary colostomy before surgery in Buschke-Lõwenteim tumour in children

Buschke-Lõwentein tumor is a verrucous lesion, with slow growth and locally infiltrating. Despite her benign histology, is an intermediate lesion between condiloma acuminatum and verrucous carcinoma. It has been linked to human papilloma virus (subtypes 6 and 11). Other factors implicated include poor hygiene, chronic irritation, promiscuity and cellular inmunocompromised states. It is exceptional in children. We report a case of a 6-year-old girl with HIV infection B3 and giant condyloma that affect genitoanal region and rectal mucosa. The temporary colostomy aimed good results of the surgical excision.

El tumor de Buschke-Lõwentein es una lesión verrucosa, con crecimiento lento, y localmente infiltrante. A pesar de su histología benigna, se trata de una lesión intermedia entre el condiloma acuminado y el carcinoma verrucoso. Su aparición está ligada con el virus del papiloma humano (subtipos 6 y 11). Otros factores que intervienen son la baja higiene, promiscuidad, irritación crónica y la inmunosupresión celular. Es excepcional su aparición en niños. La exéresis quirúrgica radical es el tratamiento de elección. La realización de una colostomía de descarga previa, permite el aislamiento, facilitando la cicatrización de la zona y evitando el contacto con material fecal que contribuye a la recidiva. Presentamos un caso de una niña de 6 años con VIH estadio B3 y condilomatosis gigante que afectaba a la región genitoanal y a la mucosa rectal adyacente. La colostomía temporal contribuyó al éxito tras la resección quirúrgica.

Effects of A-solution on Halitosis and Oral Status in Preoperative NPO Patients

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to explore the effects of A-solution on halitosis and oral status in preoperative NPO patients. METHODS: A nonequivalent control group, non-synchronized pretest-posttest design was used in this study. The participants in this study were 66 patients who were admitted for gynecologic surgery. The experimental treatment was to give oral gargling with A-solution, blended essential oils and diluted with distilled water. To identify the experimental treatment effects, halitosis, salivary pH, and oral status were measured by a portable halitosis detector, visual analogue scale, Bromo Thymol Blue (BTB), Bromo Cresol Purple (BCP) test paper and oral assessment guide. Data were analyzed using chi2-test, t-test with PASW 18.0 version. RESULTS: Participants were homogeneous before experimental treatment. Objective halitosis in the experimental group, measured by a portable halitosis detector (t= -8.34, p<.001) was significantly lower than the control group. Subjective halitosis was significantly lower in the experimental group (t= -9.29, p<.001). Salivary pH was significantly different between two groups (t=8.81, p<.001). Oral status was significantly better in the experimental group (t= -13.31, p<.001). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that oral gargling using A-solution is effective in reducing patient halitosis, and improving oral status.

Analysis of abdominal hysterectomy performed for benign gynaecological conditions in a Hospital [WAH] Pakistan

To review the indications of abdominal hysterectomy for benign gynaecological conditions in a tertiary care hospital in Wah Cantt, Pakistan. Cross-sectional study. Gynaecology and Obstetrics department of Wah Medical College and allied Pakistan Ordnance Factory Hospital [POP] Wah Cantt, for eighteen months, from January 2007 to June 2008. Retrospective review of the medical record of 159 patients was done. Data analysed in the form of frequency and percentages by using SPSS version 10. Patients having abdominal hysterectomy for benign gynaecological conditions during the study period were included. Exclusion criteria included uterovaginal prolapse, malignancies and hysterectomy for obstetrical reasons. Review of the indications showed that out of 165 patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy, benign conditions were present in 159 [96.4%] patients. The large number [96.4%], of hysterectomies being performed for benign lesions emphasize the need to periodically review the indications for which hysterectomies are being performed in a unit. This will reduce the burden on the ancillary staff, hospital budget and also reduce the psychological trauma of a woman, associated with the loss of an organ

Entrada umbilical con trocar mínimamente invasivo bajo visión directa en laparascopía ginecológica / Umbilical access with minimally invasive trocar under direct vision in gynecological laparoscopy: initial experience

Objetivo: Analizar la experiencia inicial de entrada umbilical con trocar mínimamente invasivo, Endopath Xcel, bajo visión directa en laparoscopia ginecológica. Método: 20 pacientes ingresadas para cirugía laparoscópica, por patología ginecológica benigna. Pacientes con una media de 54 años, IMC de 32. Cinco pacientes tenían antecedente de cirugía pélvica previa. Se utilizó el trocar blindado Xcel, con cámara endoscópica en su interior. Se identificaron los planos de la pared abdominal a la entrada. Se detuvo la entrada al identificar vasos sanguíneos susceptibles de dañar u órganos adheridos a pared abdominal con posibilidad de perforación. Se utilizó una entrada alternativa. Una vez terminada la cirugía se retiró el trocar, sin suturar la aponeurosis, sólo la piel. Resultados: Sólo en un caso (1 de 20, 5 por ciento) fue necesario detener la inserción del trocar, por identificar la adherencia de intestino delgado a la pared abdominal, susceptible de dañar. Se utilizó el cuadrante superior izquierdo como entrada alternativa. Se soltó el intestino y se realizó adherensiolisis con bisturí ultrasónico exitosamente. Conclusión: El método de inserción del trocar umbilical Xcel con cámara endoscópica acoplada, es un método que permite reducir la posibilidad de complicaciones a la entrada, durante laparoscopia ginecológica.

Objective: To analyze the initial experience of umbilical access with minimally invasive trocar Endopath Xcel, under direct vision in gynecological laparoscopy. Method: 20 patients under laparoscopy surgery for benign gynecological pathology. Media age 54 years old, BMI 32. Five patients had previous surgery. The trocar utilized was Xcel, with endoscopio camera. The planes of the abdominal wall during the entrance were identified. The access was stopped when identifying vessels or organs adhered to the abdominal wall with perforation possibility. An alternative entrance was used. Once finished the surgery the trocar was retired without suturing the muscular fascia, only the skin. Results: Only in one case (1 of 20, 5 percent) it was necessary to stop the trocar insertion, when was identified adhesion of the intestine to the abdominal wall. The left superior quadrant was used like alternative entrance. The adhesions were solved with ultrasonic scalpel. Conclusions: The method of primary access with visual umbilical Xcel trocar connected to the endoscopio camera allows reducing the possibility of complications during the entrance in gynecological laparoscopy procedures.

Hernia asintomáiica de pared abdominal como halazgo durante cirugía laparoscóppica ginecológica / Asymptomatic hernia of the abdominal wall as a finding during laparoscopic gynecological surgery

OBJETIVO: Conocer la incidencia y determinar la factibilidad del diagnóstico de hernias asintomáticas de pared abdominal, como hallazgo durante cirugía laparoscópicas por causa ginecológica. MÉTODO: Estudio prospectivo de 100 pacientes ingresadas para cirugía ginecológica laparoscópica, en las cuales se descartó hernia de pared abdominal mediante la anamnesis y examen físico en la evaluación preoperatoria. Se observó rutinariamente la pared abdominal durante la laparoscopia, buscando defectos herniarios. RESULTADO: De las 100 pacientes ingresadas al estudio, se constató 1 caso de hernia de pared abdominal (hernia inguinal indirecta). CONCLUSIÓN: La incidencia para el grupo estudiado, fue de 1 hernia de pared abdominal asintomática (1%), encontrada como hallazgo durante un procedimiento laparoscópico por causa ginecológica. Los defectos de pared abdominal pueden constituir, aunque escasos, un hallazgo durante la cirugía laparoscópica ginecológica. Se discute la necesidad de reparación durante el acto quirúrgico primario.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of diagnosing hernial abdominal wall defect and to find out the incidence of asymptomatic abdominal wall hernias like finding during laparoscopic gynecologic surgeries. METHOD: Prospective study of 100 consecutive laparoscopic gynecologic surgeries in which a thorough visualization of the abdominal wall and the areas of common wall defects were examined during surgery. None of the patients had symptoms or physical findings suggestive of hernias in the preoperative evaluation. RESULTS: Only one abdominal wall hernia was found in this series (1 in a 100). The defect was an indirect right inguinal hernia. CONCLUSIONS: A complete examination of the abdominal wall during gynecologic laparoscopy allows the diagnosis of asymptomatic hernias. The incidence of hernia found in this series was 1%. The necessity of repair during the same surgical act is discussed.

Management of ureterovaginal fistula

To evaluate the outcome of surgical management of uretero-vaginal fistula [UVF]. It was a descriptive study. Setting and Duration of study: The study was conducted at the Department of Urology, Chandka Medical College teaching Hospital and Almas Kidney and Lithotripsy Centre Larkana from February 1995 to November 2006. The criterion for selection of the patients and screening workup included complete history, clinical examination and investigations like complete blood count and biochemistry, ultrasound, intravenous urography and retrograde ureteric brash or ureterogram were performed to confirm the level of fistula and also to assess the function of affected kidney. The neo-ureterocystostomy was made with modified Lich Gregoir, Boari Ockeblade flap, Psoas hitch and endoscopic methods as deemed necessary. Our study included 20 cases. The ages of the patients ranged from 22 year to 45 years [average 36 years]. We used modified Lich George method, Boari Ockeblade flap, Psoas hitch method and internal stenting in 09[45%], 05[25%], 04[20%] and 02[10%] of cases respectively. The ureteric catheter or DJ stent were kept postoperatively in 06[30%] and 04[20%] cases respectively. Although all patients had no leakage after surgery; but 06[30%] cases developed transient urgency, frequency, dysuria and persistent pain. These were resolved with conservative treatment. The complications occurred in 4[20%] cases which were wound infection in 01[05%], recurrent urinary tract infection in 02[10%] cases and 01[5%] developed a small bladder capacity. There was no significant difference in outcome of different techniques, rather choice depends upon individual case and preference of surgeon. We conclude that modified Lich surgical procedure is simple, successful and quick method of treatment for repairing the cases of uretero-vaginal fistulae. We suggest bilateral ureteric catheterizations prior to difficult female pelvic and gynecological surgery to prevent such disaster

Intoxicação hídrica durante histeroscopia: relato de caso / Water intoxication during hysteroscopy: case report

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Intoxicação hídrica e distúrbios eletrolíticos produzindo toxicidade sistêmica podem ocorrer durante ressecção prostática transuretral e cirurgia histeroscópica, sendo em geral causados pelo volume de líquido e pela duração do procedimento. RELATO DO CASO: Apresenta-se um caso incomum de intoxicação hídrica em uma paciente de 42 anos submetida à ressecção endoscópica de mioma uterino submucoso, com descrição do diagnóstico e do tratamento. CONCLUSÕES: A intoxicação hídrica pode ser resultado de sobrecarga líquida, sendo importante o controle cuidadoso dos líquidos empregados e monitorização clínica.